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Signaling molecules produced by cells, particularly immune cells, that play a crucial role in cell communication and coordination of immune responses.

A group of plant compounds that have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, commonly found in fruits, vegetables and tea.

A type of phytochemical found in various plant-based foods, known for its antioxidant properties and potential health benefits.

A lignan, or naturally occurring compound found in certain plant foods, that has antioxidant properties and potential health benefits.

A numerical value derived from an individual’s weight and height, commonly used as a measure of body composition and an indicator of potential health risks related to weight.

Also known as phytic acid, these are compounds found in certain plant-based foods that can bind to minerals like iron, zinc, and calcium, affecting their absorption in the digestive tract.

Naturally occurring compounds found in many plants that can form crystals and potentially contribute to kidney stones in some individuals.

The process in which the body synthesizes fatty acids and triglycerides from dietary carbohydrates and excess energy, contributing to fat storage.

Referring to the ancient Indus Valley civilization, also known as the Harappan civilization, which existed around 3300–1300 BCE in the region of present-day Pakistan and northwest India.

A feeling of incomplete emptying of the bowel or bladder, often accompanied by a persistent urge to defecate or urinate.